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In earlier papers, such as the Erlang (1909), more concrete terms such as ' operators' are used. The use of the word server in computing comes from queueing theory, where it dates to the mid 20th century, being notably used in Kendall (1953) (along with 'service'), the paper that introduced Kendall's notation. This often implies that it is more powerful and reliable than standard personal computers, but alternatively, large computing clusters may be composed of many relatively simple, replaceable server components. Designating a computer as 'server-class hardware' implies that it is specialized for running servers on it. Ĭlient–server systems are today most frequently implemented by (and often identified with) the request–response model: a client sends a request to the server, which performs some action and sends a response back to the client, typically with a result or acknowledgment. Typical servers are database servers, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, game servers, and application servers. A client process may run on the same device or may connect over a network to a server on a different device. A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple servers. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called 'services', such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for a client. This architecture is called the client–server model. In computing, a server is a piece of computer hardware or software ( computer program) that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called ' clients'. First WWW server located at CERN with its original sticker that says: 'This machine is a server.

Microsoft official academic course series pdf free